Name two initiation sources that must be controlled to reduce detonation risk in a facility.

• A. Radio frequency interference.
• B. Electrical arc and sound pressure.
• C. Vibration and humidity.
• D. Shock/impact and heat/friction (properly engineered to prevent initiation).

Answer: (D)

Initiation sources are events or conditions that can supply the energy needed to trigger a detonation in energetic materials. To reduce detonation risk in a facility, the most important sources to control are those that deliver mechanical energy and heat—shock or impact and friction-generated heat. A sharp impact, drop, or rough handling can suddenly transfer energy into the material, potentially crossing its initiation threshold. Likewise, heat produced by heat buildup or friction from rubbing can locally raise temperature enough to initiate a reaction. Engineering controls—such as proper cushioning, vibration isolation, secure mounting, controlled handling procedures, and temperature management—are designed specifically to prevent these energy inputs from reaching the materials. Other potential triggers like RF energy, electrical arcing, acoustic energy, or humidity can be relevant in certain situations but are not the primary, universally applicable initiation mechanisms that must be controlled in typical facility safety practices.